閱讀理解題：

 

　　What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible. How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is no connection between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands and so the chemistry her blood. Any chemical change in the mother’s blood will affect the child for better or worse. But we can not see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child.

 

　　In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics. It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.

 

　　As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician must execute, and particularly vigorous emotions. If these factors are all organized around music, the child may become a musician. The same factors, in other circumstance might be organized about some other center of interest. The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry. The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery. It is not the knowledge of music that is inherited, then nor even the love of it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill. Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other undertaking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child grows up.

 

　　1. Which of the following statements is not true?

 

　　A. Some mothers try to influence their unborn children by studying art and other subjects during their pregnancy.

 

　　B. It is utterly impossible for us to learn anything about prenatal development.

 

　　C. The blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly.

 

　　D. There are no connection between mother’s nervous systems and her unborn child’s.

 

　　2. A mother will affect her unborn baby on the condition that ____.

 

　　A. she is emotionally shocked

 

　　B. she has a good knowledge of inheritance

 

　　C. she takes part in all kind of activities

 

　　D. she sticks to studying

 

　　3. According to the passage, a child may inherit____.

 

　　A. everything from his mother

 

　　B. a knowledge of mathematics

 

　　C. a rather general ability that we call intelligence

 

　　D. her mother’s musical ability

 

　　4. If a child inherits something from his mother, such as an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or of the vocal organs, he will ____.

 

　　A. surely become musician

 

　　B. mostly become a poet

 

　　C. possibly become a teacher

 

　　D. become a musician on the condition that all these factors are organized around music

 

　　5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

 

　　A. Role of Inheritance. B. An Unborn Child.

 

　　C. Function of instincts. D. Inherited Talents.

 

　　There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first　method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often　insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary　for a prince to know well how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to rulers by ancient writers, who related how Achilles and many others　of those ancient princes were given to Chiron the centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable of this semi animal, semi human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how to use both natures, and that the one without the other is not durable. A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox annot defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so　it would be against 

   

    his interest, and when the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist. If men were all good, this precept would not be good ; but　as they are bad, and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who　wished to show colorable excuse for the nonfulfilment of his promise. Of this one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and show how many times peace has been broken, and how many promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necessities, that the one who deceives will always find those who allow themselves to be deceived.

 

　　6.The author of the passage does not believe that ____.

 

　　A. people can protect themselves

 

　　B. the truth makes men free

 

　　C. leaders have to be consistent

 

　　D. princes are human

 

　　7.The lion represents those who are ____.

 

　　A. too trusting 

 

    B. strong and careful

 

　　C. reliant on force 

 

    D. lacking in intelligence

 

　　8.The fox, in this passage, is ____.

 

　　A. admired for his trickery 

 

    B. no match for the lion

 

　　C. pitied for his trick 

 

    D. considered worthless

 

　　9.The writer suggests that a successful leader must ____.

 

　　A. be prudent and faithful

 

　　B. cheat and lie

 

　　C. have principle to guide his actions

 

　　D. tell the people the truth about his opponent

 

　　10.The writer would approve an unsuccessful political candidate ____.

 

　　A. gave up all his opportunities

 

　　B. promised to try again next time

 

　　C. overthrew the government by force

 

　　D. told the people the truth about his opponent

 

2019年新東方在線院校庫(kù)試題及答案。每一道題都是原文信息的再現(xiàn)或轉(zhuǎn)述，只有理解了題目所述內(nèi)容，才能做好后面的段落信息定位。理解題目?jī)?nèi)容的關(guān)鍵是：抓句子的主干。冗長(zhǎng)的句子，只要抓住了其主干，就不難理解句子的主要含義了。